Ottawa Charter and Jakarta Declaration

Hi all, it was great to see about a third of you at school on Wednesday. I think everyone got something out of it, even if it was just lollies and birthday cake! In this post I have raised the frightening issue of the Jakarta Declaration. It may not appear in your exam, but you need to be prepared just in case. In the past, when it has appeared, the examiners have been kind enough to provide you with some information about the JD so you don't have to remember the detailed wording.

The Jakarta Declaration is really just a re-affirmation of the Ottawa Charter, made by the WHO after the OC. It is just another way of expressing an approach to the New Public Health way of delivering health promotion.

What I have tried to do here is connect the five principles of the JD (in RED) to the more familiar Action Areas of the OC (in GREEN). They don't match up really precisely, but I thought connecting them to the OC might help you to memorise the 5 principles.

What is important about the JD is that if you are asked about it, you will probably be asked how some of its principles can apply to different HP initiatives or to different health priorities. (This is the same as what you would be asked to do with the OC).

At the end I have also shown you how the 5 aspects of each charter fit into the New Public Health Approach.

OTTAWA CHARTER COMPARED TO JAKARTA DECLARATION

OC Creating Supportive Environments
Involves encouraging and maintaining reciprocal relationships, which is, taking care of one another and the environment. The two subheadings in which can classify under creating supportive environments are personal support networks and community services and Sociocultural, physical, political and economic influences. Health promotion examples of creating supportive environments are shade structures and recycling programs
JD Promote Social Responsibility for Health
Involves the development of policies and practices that avoid harming the health of others, protect the environment and ensure sustainable use of resources, restrict production and trade of such substances as tobacco, and safeguard the individual at work

OC Building Healthy Public Policy
Legislating for improved health, healthier environments and more health-conscious goods and services. The three subheadings which can classify under building healthy public policy are identifying the impact of policies on health, influencing policy and deciding where to spend the money. Health promotion examples of building healthy public policy are graduated licensing schemes, smoke-free workplaces and restaurants, and compulsory fencing for home swimming pools.
JD Secure an Infrastructure for Health Promotion
This includes providing incentives that influence a range of organisations to assist in activating health promotion strategies. It also means to continue to maximise the use of effective settings for health promotion to act as an organisational base, and success and experiences in health promotion should be documented to enhance the work of others

OC Reorienting Health Services
Reorienting the health sector so that health professionals look beyond the curative and clinical services to integrate health promotion into their work to address the overall needs of the individual. The two subheadings which can classify under reorienting health services is range of services and gaining access to services. Health promotion examples of reorienting health services are police working in schools to support road safety education and local area health centres working with schools to support school health strategies e.g. immunisation groups.
JD Increased Investments for Health Development
This should reflect the needs of specific groups such as women, children, the elderly, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, etc. increased investments should be taken into account, additional resources being channelled into education, housing and the health sector.

OC Strengthening Community Action
Establishing self-help groups, encouraging social support and active participation in health-related matters bring members of the community together to solve common problems and attend to the individual’s needs. The subheading which can classify under strengthening community action is empowering communities to take action. Health promotion examples of strengthening community action are CanTeen and Driver Reviver stations.
JD Consolidate and Expand Partnerships for Health
This will mean strengthening existing partnerships and forging new ones in all sectors of society, and partnerships can share expertise, resources and skills and be mutually beneficial

OC Developing Personal Skills
Providing information about health and giving people the opportunity to continue to develop personal skills that will enable greater control over personal health. The two subheadings in which can classify under developing personal skills are modifying personal behaviour and gaining access to information and support. Health promotion examples of developing personal skills are health education in schools and Quit Smoking campaigns.
JD Increase Community Capacity and Empower the Individual
Health promotion is conducted with the involvement of the people – it is not simply enforced upon them. Leadership skills developed through training, access to resources and practical education are essential to helping the individual gain control

HOW THE ACTION AREAS OF THE OC AND JD FIT THE NEW PUBLIC HEALTH APPROACH

EMPOWEREMENT OF INDIVIDUALS
1. Developing personal skills AND empowering the individual and community
2. creating supportive environments

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
1. strengthening community action
2. promoting social responsibility
3. consolidating and expanding partnerships for health

RECOGNISING THE SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
1. reorienting health services AND increasing investment for health development
2. securing infrastructure for health promotion
3. building healthy public policy

DON'T GET TOO WORRIED ABOUT THIS, THE MAIN ISSUE IS DEFINITELY THE OTTAWA CHARTER! IF YOU CAN REMEMBER THE JD THOUGH, YOU'LL BE PREPARED IF NECESSARY. IF IT'S JUST TOO MUCH, RUN WITH THE OC........

Time to work together

For everyone now the battle for ranks is over, so instead of working to beat each other it is time to work together. The better a school group's overall results in the HSC exam, the better the comparison to the rest of the state. This can be beneficial in the moderating process.

I suggest you work together with a friend or friends who do common subjects. Two heads are better than one, and if you're both committed and motivated you could help each other a lot by sharing resources and testing each other.

For Kellyville kids we will have organised study sessions at school on the following dates:
Wednesday 7th October at 9.30am (in the hols)
Tuesday 27th October at 1.15pm (after Maths)
Wednesday 28th October 9.00am
Thursday 29th October 1.15pm (after Biology)

These dates won't suit everyone, so check your exam timetable carefully to work out which sessions fit your study program best.

By now you should have a reliable and organised study program at home. You should be making topic summaries, practising past papers, doing lots of multiple choice questions and familiarising yourself with the graphs and tables in Australia's Health 2008 that relate to the major causes of sickness and death. I've put the AIHW link on this page for easy access, though I know most of you will have it already.

In particular get plenty of sleep, stay off the grog, eat properly and sacrifice a couple of shifts at work for the next month or two. In short, apply the principles of what you have just studied about diet, psychology, reversibility, overload, recovery and perhaps even technology to IMPROVE YOUR PERFORMANCE.

A seriously broken leg

Sports Medicine is all about sports injuries. Check this one out (if you can cope) and think about how you would treat the injury and plan rehabilitation for return to play.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=11Li3NlXe4U

BreastScreen "reorient health services"

Hi all, the trials are over and I hope everyone got through unscathed. The question on plyometrics was tough, but the same for everyone. More to come on that.

I just saw an interesting news item about BreastScreen opening a new branch behind the lingerie section of Myer at Parramatta.

I know, you're wondering why your ageing teacher is interested in lingerie. Well, truth be known, it is the great example of "Reorienting Health Services" that I'm interested in.

Moving a health service like breastscreen mamograms to a discrete area in a retail store frequented by middle aged women is a master stroke! It makes the service more intimate, convenient and accessible. That is exactly what the Ottawa Charter means in this Action Area. Breastscreen is taking its service right to the people who can most benefit from its preventative role and is making its service easier to use. It is likely to reach more women as a result.

Check the link on the list.

Kellyville physios at work

Strapping an ankle is not as easy as it seems. We've all had a go in the last couple of days. Sharon has an interesting approach. Natalie and Tarsha have done well, while Jonno, AJ, Josh and Laura have also done well. The link on this site entitled "strapping an ankle" provides some worthwhile tips and useful graphics to help you improve your technique. See how you go!

Drugs in Sport

Hi all, the issue of drugs in sport is very relevant to our study of ethics in sports medicine. Many drugs or therapies that have been developed to treat illness, help people recover from injury or improve patients' wellbeing can also be used to improve the performance of athletes. Pain killers have been used for centuries to improve people's wellbeing, yet they can also be used to help athletes perform while injured. Steroids and growth hormones can be used to accelerate tissue repair or overcome growth problems. Of course these very effects also benefit athletic strength and performance. Substances or methods used to improve respiratory function in patients with lung or breathing problems will also improve CV endurance.

At which point does the noble cause of treating an ailing patient become the unfair cause of cheating to win gold medals???

Try the link to asada, The Australian Sports Anti-Doping Agency, to get lots of information on prohibited substances, drug testing protocols and athlete education on drug related issues.

Health Insurance

The medicare levy is 1.5% not 1.8% as I suggested. The surcharge is 1%. Reaed all about it at the ATO website. I've added the link as "Medicare". When you get to the page you can follow the links to read about the income thresholds, exemptions etc.

The New Public Health Approach

One of the things you might need to do in your HSC exam is to identify how the new public health approach is applied in health promotion campaigns. You know the characteristics of the new public health are:
- empower individuals
- encourage community participation
- recognise the social determinants of health






EXAMPLE
The website for beyondblue, a national mental health initiative focusing on depression, describes many of its strategies. These strategies can be used as examples of the new public health approach eg

-beyondblue provides an online self-assessment tool for depression. This is an example of EMPOWERING INDIVIDUALS (because it provides individuals with the chance to find out about their own feelings before taking the big step of visiting a doctor, it overcomes the barrier of privacy and it gives individuals greater control over their own health decisions)

-beyondblue runs community meetings to raise awareness about depression. This is an example of COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION (because it provides opportunities for community members to be involved in health promotion action at a local level)

-beyondblue maintains a list of doctors who are interested, trained and willing to see patients who may be suffering from depression or other mental illnesses. This is an example of RECOGNISING THE DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
(because it is a mechanism for improving access to health services by informing people about where the most appropriate doctors are). Access to health services is a determinant of health.

PRACTICE TASK
Select one of the health promotion initiatives from your list. (You don't really need a list, just visit a few websites for Health Promotion Campaigns).
Read the materials to identify some of the strategies included in the campaign.
Find examples of strategies that use these three characteristics of the NPH Approach.

ACHPER Enrichment Day

ACHPER is the Australian Council for Health, Physical Education and Recreation. Each year it runs excellent seminars and programs for teachers and HSC students. This year the best one for us will be run locally on Wednesday 29th July. Unfortunately some of us will be skiing at the time, but if you're not involved in the ski trip you should go to this whole day event. I will distribute info soon with all the details, including cost. The day includes a really good resource booklet. Lectures will probably cover Cores 1 and 2 and you will choose one Option. The booklet will probably include all modules.

The ACHPER website has a comprehensive list of useful web links for studying PDHPE. I've included it in the links list.

Increasing STIs

It's a worry to read in the ABC news that rates of STIs and teen pregnancies are increasing in Australia. In particular chlamydia has been mentioned as a widespread infection. 58000 cases annually and 17000 teenaged cases in 2000.It can cause infertility if it goes untreated. Teenagers are reported to make up over 25% of new cases. Teen preganancy rates are also reported to be higher than other developed nations.
Epidemiology in action?
How could you verify these reported rates of infection?
What preventative strategies could help to reduce these rates?
What strategies have been successful/unsuccessful in the past?
What factors might have lead to these reported increases?
Read the full article at:
www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/05/04/2560487.html

The pdhpe faculty had a brief intro session about setting up blogs this afternoon. Some of the staff were very interested and I think we'll see some more blogs up and running soon. We'll add the links as they come online. Blog sites are accessible at school by teachers, but not by students, so students will need to access from home. I hope to get some feedback from my Year 12 students soon.
The executive are also going to have a look on Wednesday afternoon. This is all part of KHS staff participating in a variety of training courses associated with Mr Rudd's "Technological Revolution".

Another example of health promotion action

This article appeared in today's Herald. I've just included an exerpt, but it demonstrates government action through the PBS to provide financial support for people with cancer. Healthy Public Policy? Supportive Environments? Either way it is an example of the New Public Health approach.

"Huge subsidy for life-saving cancer drugs"

• Kerry-Anne Walsh
• May 3, 2009

BOWEL and breast cancer patients will receive enormous financial help in the budget, with the Government set to pump $600 million into subsidising expensive medicines.

From July 1, Avastin, the drug used to treat advanced bowel cancer, will be subsidised for new patients under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) at a four-year cost to the Government of $310 million.

Patients such as Scott Gillon, 40, who has bowel and lung cancer, have paid $20,000 for the first nine treatments with Avastin, which is delivered intravenously as one of a cocktail of chemotherapy drugs.

The Sydneysider, who has a young family, yesterday applauded the Government's upcoming budget announcement, claiming the subsidy would lift the huge financial strain on bowel cancer patients.

Local HP campaign

Speaking of health promotion, the "Walk Safely to School Day" campaign is a great example of a campaign that encourages physical activity in local communities. The campaign raises awareness of this issue and empowers parents to get their kids walking to school.

It addresses risk factors for CVD, diabetes, obesity and injuries. This is a campaign that could be well worth studying and using as an example for your HSC exam. Consider how it addresses the Ottawa Charter Action Areas and employs an intersectoral approach. Read more about it at the website listed on this page.

Health Promotion

Year 12 have just got exam results back. Some happy people and some grumpy people, but lots of potential and promise. We're starting to look at Health Promotion. Yep, its Ottawa Charter time again! The WHO describes health promotion as 

" the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. To reach a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, an individual or group must be able to identify and to realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment. Health is, therefore, seen as a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities. Therefore, health promotion is not just the responsibility of the health sector, but goes beyond healthy life-styles to well-being."

There's a link to the WHO website in my list. I like the 'countries' section, where there are some detailed health profiles of all the member nations. There are some startling comparisons!

I notice there is some info about the "swine" (influenza A H1N1) flu outbreak. The WHO does actually focus much of its attention on infectious "outbreaks" like this when they occur, providing advice and monitoring. Apparently they don't know how long people have to be quarantined before they are no longer infectious with this disease. In Mexico the whole country has shut down to reduce the spread of the virus.

Hi there, this is my first go at setting up a blog and my dear wife is helping me get started.