Ottawa Charter and Jakarta Declaration

Hi all, it was great to see about a third of you at school on Wednesday. I think everyone got something out of it, even if it was just lollies and birthday cake! In this post I have raised the frightening issue of the Jakarta Declaration. It may not appear in your exam, but you need to be prepared just in case. In the past, when it has appeared, the examiners have been kind enough to provide you with some information about the JD so you don't have to remember the detailed wording.

The Jakarta Declaration is really just a re-affirmation of the Ottawa Charter, made by the WHO after the OC. It is just another way of expressing an approach to the New Public Health way of delivering health promotion.

What I have tried to do here is connect the five principles of the JD (in RED) to the more familiar Action Areas of the OC (in GREEN). They don't match up really precisely, but I thought connecting them to the OC might help you to memorise the 5 principles.

What is important about the JD is that if you are asked about it, you will probably be asked how some of its principles can apply to different HP initiatives or to different health priorities. (This is the same as what you would be asked to do with the OC).

At the end I have also shown you how the 5 aspects of each charter fit into the New Public Health Approach.

OTTAWA CHARTER COMPARED TO JAKARTA DECLARATION

OC Creating Supportive Environments
Involves encouraging and maintaining reciprocal relationships, which is, taking care of one another and the environment. The two subheadings in which can classify under creating supportive environments are personal support networks and community services and Sociocultural, physical, political and economic influences. Health promotion examples of creating supportive environments are shade structures and recycling programs
JD Promote Social Responsibility for Health
Involves the development of policies and practices that avoid harming the health of others, protect the environment and ensure sustainable use of resources, restrict production and trade of such substances as tobacco, and safeguard the individual at work

OC Building Healthy Public Policy
Legislating for improved health, healthier environments and more health-conscious goods and services. The three subheadings which can classify under building healthy public policy are identifying the impact of policies on health, influencing policy and deciding where to spend the money. Health promotion examples of building healthy public policy are graduated licensing schemes, smoke-free workplaces and restaurants, and compulsory fencing for home swimming pools.
JD Secure an Infrastructure for Health Promotion
This includes providing incentives that influence a range of organisations to assist in activating health promotion strategies. It also means to continue to maximise the use of effective settings for health promotion to act as an organisational base, and success and experiences in health promotion should be documented to enhance the work of others

OC Reorienting Health Services
Reorienting the health sector so that health professionals look beyond the curative and clinical services to integrate health promotion into their work to address the overall needs of the individual. The two subheadings which can classify under reorienting health services is range of services and gaining access to services. Health promotion examples of reorienting health services are police working in schools to support road safety education and local area health centres working with schools to support school health strategies e.g. immunisation groups.
JD Increased Investments for Health Development
This should reflect the needs of specific groups such as women, children, the elderly, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, etc. increased investments should be taken into account, additional resources being channelled into education, housing and the health sector.

OC Strengthening Community Action
Establishing self-help groups, encouraging social support and active participation in health-related matters bring members of the community together to solve common problems and attend to the individual’s needs. The subheading which can classify under strengthening community action is empowering communities to take action. Health promotion examples of strengthening community action are CanTeen and Driver Reviver stations.
JD Consolidate and Expand Partnerships for Health
This will mean strengthening existing partnerships and forging new ones in all sectors of society, and partnerships can share expertise, resources and skills and be mutually beneficial

OC Developing Personal Skills
Providing information about health and giving people the opportunity to continue to develop personal skills that will enable greater control over personal health. The two subheadings in which can classify under developing personal skills are modifying personal behaviour and gaining access to information and support. Health promotion examples of developing personal skills are health education in schools and Quit Smoking campaigns.
JD Increase Community Capacity and Empower the Individual
Health promotion is conducted with the involvement of the people – it is not simply enforced upon them. Leadership skills developed through training, access to resources and practical education are essential to helping the individual gain control

HOW THE ACTION AREAS OF THE OC AND JD FIT THE NEW PUBLIC HEALTH APPROACH

EMPOWEREMENT OF INDIVIDUALS
1. Developing personal skills AND empowering the individual and community
2. creating supportive environments

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
1. strengthening community action
2. promoting social responsibility
3. consolidating and expanding partnerships for health

RECOGNISING THE SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
1. reorienting health services AND increasing investment for health development
2. securing infrastructure for health promotion
3. building healthy public policy

DON'T GET TOO WORRIED ABOUT THIS, THE MAIN ISSUE IS DEFINITELY THE OTTAWA CHARTER! IF YOU CAN REMEMBER THE JD THOUGH, YOU'LL BE PREPARED IF NECESSARY. IF IT'S JUST TOO MUCH, RUN WITH THE OC........